This paper explores the concept of nature in the contemporary discourse on Japanese urban shamanism, showing not only its characteristics but also the conflation with other relevant discourses, such as those on identity.

The paper argues that in the context under examination the concept of nature is hardly seen as ‘natural’, but reveals instead artificial characteristics. Nature becomes something created by humans for humans, in order to let them achieve specific goals, among which empowerment and healing. This interest and attention for nature do not necessarily promote, though, environmentalist activism.

The study was conducted by analysing different case studies contributing to the formation of contemporary discourse on shamanism: from literary works to works of art, from manga to TV series, from the cases of spiritual therapists to those of urban shamans.

By showing how nature is perceived, represented and dealt with in the narratives and practices of the Japanese shamanic actors, this paper contributes to the debates on spiritual practices in the urban context. At the same time, by quickly tracing connections with similar practices and representations outside Japan, it contributes to the understanding of how contemporary religiosity is being shaped all over the world.